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Identification and quantification of known polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pesticides in complex mixtures using fluorescence excitation-emission matrices and parallel factor analysis
Nicolas Ferretto a,*, Marc Tedetti a, Catherine Guige a, Stephane Mounier b, Roland Redon b, Madeleine Goutx a
a Aix-Marseille Universite, Universite du Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS/INSU, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
b Laboratoire des PROcessus de Transferts et d'Echanges dans l'Environment (PROTEE), Universite de Toulon, BP 20132, 83957 La Garde Cedex, France
Summary
In this paper, parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis is used on a mixture of 9 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and three pesticides in the presence of humic substances. In the mixture of PAHs and humic substances, a seven component model was validated while in the mixture of pesticides with humic substances, a six component model was validated.
Among PAHs naphthalene (Naph), 2,3-dimethyl naphthalene (Dnaph), fluorene (Flu), 1,8-dimethyl-9H-fluorene (Dflu), phenanthracene (Phe), anthracene (Ant), pyrene (Pyr), benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), and benz[e]pyrene (BeP) were selected. Three pesticides selected include 2-phenylphenol (Pho), carbaryl (Car), and thiabendazole (Thi). Their stock solution were prepared individually and and then mixtures were prepared from individual stock solutions. Humic acids (HA) and fulvic acids (FA) were purchased and their stock solutions were prepared individually and then mixtures were prepared. Ten water samples were collected from Saumaty harbour and twenty samples were collected from Port-de-Bouc harbour. Fluorescence spectroscopy was carried out with pretreatments. PARAFAC was conducted on contaminants mixtures with and without humic substances (PMPAHs and PMpesticides) and then on individual solutions with and without humic substances (PTPAHs and Pmpesticides). Table below shows the peaks, linear regression parameters (coefficient of determination (r2), slope, y-intercept, detection and quantification limits (DL and QL)) between contaminant concentration and fluorescence peaks.
The seven components from complex mixtures of PAHs are shown in Fig. 1.
Figure 1
The six components identified in the mixtures of pesticides are shown in Fig. 2.
Figure 2
The three components identified from marine samples are shown in Fig. 3.
Figure 3
Based on linear correlation between prepared solutions and marine samples, it was found that PAH signal in marine samples is due to alkylated compounds. This method could not replace the chromatographic techniques but can be used as an efficient tool for identification of fluorescent compounds.
Reviewer: Aamir Alaud Din